Note 7 at 1 Cor. 1:22: Paul's statement is not limited to the nation of Israel. He is speaking about the religious person versus the non-religious person.

Those who already have some knowledge about God (like the Jews) want God to do something miraculous to prove the authenticity of the gospel, while the pagan is trying to reason everything out. Neither way is acceptable to God. We have to humble ourselves and simply receive by faith the message of the gospel.