Note 10 at Acts 18:12: Gallio was the brother of Seneca, the famous Stoick philosopher (see note 4 at Acts 17:18, p. ???) who was emperor Nero's tutor.

Seneca described his brother Gallio as, "a man of the most amiable mind and manners." "He was of the sweetest disposition, affable to all, and beloved by every man." Gallio's treatment of the Jews' accusations against Paul certainly show that he was a fair man and not interested in perverting justice for favors.

Gallio was the ruler over all of Achaia (see note 10 at this verse). Gallio, along with his brother Seneca and another brother named Annaeus Mela, were murdered by the tyrant Nero.

Note 11 at Acts 18:12: Achaia was originally a state of Greece. When the Romans conquered Greece they divided it into two provinces, Macedonia (see note 1 at Acts 16:9, p. 667) and Achaia. Achaia was the southern province with Corinth (see note 1 at Acts 18:1, p. ???) as it's capital.

Note 12 at Acts 18:12: This persecution against Paul is a good testimony to the fact that he was having a large impact with the gospel message. Although persecution is not good, it's a good sign (see note 1 and 6 at Acts 5:17 and 5:28, pp. 597-598).